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In today´s turbulent market, the way data are used in production is one of the key aspects to maintain or increase a manufacturing company´s ability to compete. Even though most companies are aware of the advantages of collecting, analyzing and using data, the majority of them do not exploit these fully. Thus, IT systems and sensors are integrated into the shop floor in order to deal with the current challenges, leading to an overwhelming amount of data without contributing to an improvement of production control. Because of developments like digitization and Industry 4.0, there is an innumerable amount of existing research focusing on data analytics, artificial intelligence and pattern recognition. However, research on collaborative platforms in traditional production control still needs improvement. Therefore, the main goal of this paper is to present a platform based closed loop production control and to discuss the relevant data. The collaborative platform represents the basis for a future analysis of high-resolution data using cognitive systems in order for companies to maximize the automation of their production. A use case at the end of the paper shows the potential implementation of the findings in practice.
Industry 4.0 and the consequent necessity of digitalization has also impli-cations to the field of procurement, resulting in the so-called term of Procurement 4.0. Digitalization can be a valuable tool to increase the efficiency of the procurement organization and to exploit new opportunities of growth. A mandatory requirement to perform the digital transformation is an increased transparency along the procurement process chain. This paper aims to conceptualize a digital shadow for the procurement process in manufacturing industry as a basis for advanced data analytics procedures. The term digital shadow stands for a sufficiently accurate, digital image of a compa-ny's processes, information and data. This image is needed to create a real-time eval-uable basis of all relevant data in order to finally derive recommendations for action. The formation of the Digital Shadow is thus a central field of action for Industrie 4.0 and forms the basis for all further activities.
Today, manufacturing companies are facing the influences of a dynamic environment and the continuously increasing planning complexity. Using advanced data analytics methods, processes can be improved by analyzing historical data, detecting patterns and deriving measures to counteract the issues. The basis of such approaches builds a virtual representation of a product – called the digital twin or digital shadow.
Although, applied IT systems provide reliable feedback data of the processes on the shop-floor, they lack on a data structure which represents real-time data series of a product. This paper presents an approach for a data structure for the order processing which overcomes the described issue and provides a virtual representation of a product. Based on the data structure deviations between the production schedule and the real situation on the shop-floor can be identified in real time and measures to reschedule operations can be identified.
Today’s manufacturers are facing numerous challenges such as highly entangled and interconnected supply chains, shortening product lifecycles and growing product complexity. They thus feel the need to adjust and adapt faster on all levels of value creation. Self-optimization as a basic principle appears a promising approach to handle complexity and unforeseen disturbances within supply chains, machines and processes. Therefore it will improve the resilience and competitiveness of manufacturing companies.
This paper gives an introduction to the concept of self-optimizing production systems. After a short historical review, the different levels of value creation from supply chain design and management to manufacturing and assembly are analyzed considering their specific demands and needs for self-optimization. Examples from each of these levels are used to illustrate the concept of self-optimization as well as to outline its potential for flexibility and productivity. This paper closes with an outlook on the current scientific work and promising new fields of action.
Real-time data analytics methods are key elements to overcome the currently rigid planning and improve manufacturing processes by analysing historical data, detecting patterns and deriving measures to counteract the issues.
The key element to improve, assist and optimize the process flow builds a virtual representation of a product on the shop-floor - called the digital twin or digital shadow. Using the collected data requires a high data quality, therefore measures to verify the correctness of the data are needed. Based on the described issues the paper presents a real-time reference architecture for the order processing.
This reference architecture consists of different layers and integrates real-time data from different sources as well as measures to improve the data quality. Based on this reference architecture, deviations between plan data and feedback data can be measured in real-time and countermeasures to reschedule operations can be applied.
Der Begriff „Digitaler Schatten“ steht für ein hinreichend genaues, digitales Abbild der Prozesse, Information und Daten eines Unternehmens. Dieses Abbild wird benötigt, um eine echtzeitfähige Auswertebasis aller relevanten Daten zu schaffen, um hieraus letztendlich Handlungsempfehlungen abzuleiten. Die Bildung des Digitalen Schattens ist damit ein zentrales Handlungsfeld von Industrie 4.0 und stellt die Grundlage für alle weitergehenden Aktivitäten dar.
Im Zuge der Globalisierung und einer steigenden Marktdynamik ge-
winnt die Optimierung der Lieferketten zunehmend an Bedeutung.
Die Untersuchung unterschiedlicher Beschaffungsstrategien im Wert-
schöpfungsnetzwerk unter Berücksichtigung des Einflusses verschie-
dener Produktionsparameter fällt in der unternehmerischen Praxis
zunehmend schwer. Hierbei können Simulationen von Lieferketten
Abhilfe schaffen, um Wertschöpfungsstrukturen entlang der Supply
Chain zu analysieren und zu verbessern.
Individualisierung in Kombination mit dem Kundenwunsch nach immer kürzeren Lieferzeiten führt zu einer steigenden Komplexität und Dynamik auf Produktionsebene. Um weiterhin das Einhalten der logistischen Zielgrößen zu ermöglichen, müssen die zurzeit vorhandenen Unternehmensstrukturen und deren Prozesse vorbereitet werden.
Eine Möglichkeit, dem turbulenten Markt zu begegnen, ist ein adaptives Abweichungsmanagement in der Fertigungssteuerung, das Unternehmen einen adäquaten Umgang mit Abweichungen ermöglicht. Klassische Methoden der Fertigungssteuerung reichen nicht mehr aus, um mit der jetzigen Entwicklung umzugehen.
Das hier beschriebene Zielmodell und die internen sowie externen Einflussfaktoren sollen bei der Analyse der Zusammenhänge in der Fertigungssteuerung helfen. Das vorgestellte Vorgehensmodell zeigt, wie ein adaptives Abweichungsmanagement aufgebaut werden sollte, um die systematische, differenzierte und kategorisierte Betrachtung und Bewältigung von Abweichungssituationen zu ermöglichen.
Durch den vereinfachten Umgang mit Abweichungen wird sowohl eine tiefgreifende Analyse der Wirkungszusammenhänge als auch eine automatisierte Beruhigung der Produktion ermöglicht. Dies führt zu einer Reduktion von wiederkehrenden Abweichungen durch die Implementierung einer geschlossenen kaskadierten
Informationsrückführung.
Production in high-wage countries can be made more efficient, cost-effective, and flexible by solving the conflict between planning and value orientation. A promising approach is to focus on planning and decision-making processes (production planning and control, design of production processes and machinery, etc.) and to aim to maximize overall planning efficiency. Planning efficiency can be expressed as the ratio between the benefit generated by preparing detailed process instructions to produce the parts or components and the corresponding planning efforts. Industrial companies wanting to gain a competitive advantage in dynamic global markets have to identify a set of non-dominated solutions with the most favorable effort–benefit ratio rather than a single solution. The optimum between detailed planning and the immediate implementation of value-adding activities (process steps) in the process chain needs to be found dynamically for each product.