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In der vorliegenden Dissertationsschrift wird ein Referenzmodell für den Digitalen Schatten in der Auftragsabwicklung in der Einzel- und Kleinserienfertigung entwickelt. Hierzu wird ein Datenmodell für den Digitalen Schatten hergeleitet, welches eine durchgängige echtzeitfähige Abbildung von Fertigungsaufträgen in der Auftragsabwicklung sicherstellt. Insbesondere die ortungsbasierte Datenerfassung auf Basis der Geoposition stellt eine Innovation im Vergleich zu bisherigen Ansätzen dar. Weiterhin wird ein Prozess zur Sicherstellung der Datenqualität aufgezeigt, welcher eine Identifikation sowie Korrektur von fehlenden und fehlerhaften Daten auf Basis von Integritätsregeln sowie multimodaler Sensorfusion ermöglicht. Zuletzt werden Gestaltungsempfehlungen zur Umsetzung des Referenzmodells für den Digitalen Schatten in der Auftragsabwicklung durch Verortung der entwickelten Komponenten in einer Gesamtarchitektur, einer IT-technischen Umsetzung sowie eines Vorgehensmodells zur Umsetzung in der betrieblichen Praxis gegeben.
In today´s turbulent market, the way data are used in production is one of the key aspects to maintain or increase a manufacturing company´s ability to compete. Even though most companies are aware of the advantages of collecting, analyzing and using data, the majority of them do not exploit these fully. Thus, IT systems and sensors are integrated into the shop floor in order to deal with the current challenges, leading to an overwhelming amount of data without contributing to an improvement of production control. Because of developments like digitization and Industry 4.0, there is an innumerable amount of existing research focusing on data analytics, artificial intelligence and pattern recognition. However, research on collaborative platforms in traditional production control still needs improvement. Therefore, the main goal of this paper is to present a platform based closed loop production control and to discuss the relevant data. The collaborative platform represents the basis for a future analysis of high-resolution data using cognitive systems in order for companies to maximize the automation of their production. A use case at the end of the paper shows the potential implementation of the findings in practice.
Industry 4.0 and the consequent necessity of digitalization has also impli-cations to the field of procurement, resulting in the so-called term of Procurement 4.0. Digitalization can be a valuable tool to increase the efficiency of the procurement organization and to exploit new opportunities of growth. A mandatory requirement to perform the digital transformation is an increased transparency along the procurement process chain. This paper aims to conceptualize a digital shadow for the procurement process in manufacturing industry as a basis for advanced data analytics procedures. The term digital shadow stands for a sufficiently accurate, digital image of a compa-ny's processes, information and data. This image is needed to create a real-time eval-uable basis of all relevant data in order to finally derive recommendations for action. The formation of the Digital Shadow is thus a central field of action for Industrie 4.0 and forms the basis for all further activities.
Individualisierung in Kombination mit dem Kundenwunsch nach immer kürzeren Lieferzeiten führt zu einer steigenden Komplexität und Dynamik auf Produktionsebene. Um weiterhin das Einhalten der logistischen Zielgrößen zu ermöglichen, müssen die zurzeit vorhandenen Unternehmensstrukturen und deren Prozesse vorbereitet werden.
Eine Möglichkeit, dem turbulenten Markt zu begegnen, ist ein adaptives Abweichungsmanagement in der Fertigungssteuerung, das Unternehmen einen adäquaten Umgang mit Abweichungen ermöglicht. Klassische Methoden der Fertigungssteuerung reichen nicht mehr aus, um mit der jetzigen Entwicklung umzugehen.
Das hier beschriebene Zielmodell und die internen sowie externen Einflussfaktoren sollen bei der Analyse der Zusammenhänge in der Fertigungssteuerung helfen. Das vorgestellte Vorgehensmodell zeigt, wie ein adaptives Abweichungsmanagement aufgebaut werden sollte, um die systematische, differenzierte und kategorisierte Betrachtung und Bewältigung von Abweichungssituationen zu ermöglichen.
Durch den vereinfachten Umgang mit Abweichungen wird sowohl eine tiefgreifende Analyse der Wirkungszusammenhänge als auch eine automatisierte Beruhigung der Produktion ermöglicht. Dies führt zu einer Reduktion von wiederkehrenden Abweichungen durch die Implementierung einer geschlossenen kaskadierten
Informationsrückführung.
Towards the Generation of Setup Matrices from Route Sheets and Feedback Data with Data Analytics
(2018)
The function or department of production control in manufacturing companies deals with short-term scheduling of orders and the management of deviations during order execution. Depending on the equipment and characteristics of orders, sequence dependent setup times might occur. In these cases for companies that focus on high utilization of their assets due to long phases of ramp up and high energy costs, it might be optimal to choose sequences with minimal setup time times between orders. Identifying such sequences requires detailed and correct information regarding the specific setup times. With increasing product variety and shorter lot sizes, it becomes more difficult and rather time intense to determine these values manually. One approach is to analyse the relevant features of the orders described in the route sheets or recipes to find similarities in materials and required tools. This paper presents a methodology, which supports setup optimized sequencing for sequence dependent setup times through constructing the setup matrix from such route sheets with the use of data analytics.
Real-time data analytics methods are key elements to overcome the currently rigid planning and improve manufacturing processes by analysing historical data, detecting patterns and deriving measures to counteract the issues.
The key element to improve, assist and optimize the process flow builds a virtual representation of a product on the shop-floor - called the digital twin or digital shadow. Using the collected data requires a high data quality, therefore measures to verify the correctness of the data are needed. Based on the described issues the paper presents a real-time reference architecture for the order processing.
This reference architecture consists of different layers and integrates real-time data from different sources as well as measures to improve the data quality. Based on this reference architecture, deviations between plan data and feedback data can be measured in real-time and countermeasures to reschedule operations can be applied.
Production in high-wage countries can be made more efficient, cost-effective, and flexible by solving the conflict between planning and value orientation. A promising approach is to focus on planning and decision-making processes (production planning and control, design of production processes and machinery, etc.) and to aim to maximize overall planning efficiency. Planning efficiency can be expressed as the ratio between the benefit generated by preparing detailed process instructions to produce the parts or components and the corresponding planning efforts. Industrial companies wanting to gain a competitive advantage in dynamic global markets have to identify a set of non-dominated solutions with the most favorable effort–benefit ratio rather than a single solution. The optimum between detailed planning and the immediate implementation of value-adding activities (process steps) in the process chain needs to be found dynamically for each product.
Influenced by the high dynamic of the markets and the steadily increasing demand for short delivery times the importance of supply chain optimization is growing. In particular, the order process plays a central role in achieving short delivery times and constantly needs to evaluate the trade-off between high inventory and the risk of stock-outs. However, analyzing different order strategies and the influence of various production parameters is difficult to achieve in industrial practice. Therefore, simulations of supply chains are used in order to improve processes in the whole value chain. The objective of this research is to evaluate two different order strategies (t, q, t, S) in a four-stage supply chain. In order to measure the performance of the supply chain the quantity of the backlog will be considered. A Design of Experiments approach is supposed to enhance the significance of the simulation results.
This research area focuses on the management systems and principles of a production system. It aims at controlling the complex interplay of heterogeneous processes in a highly dynamic environment, with special focus on individualized products in high-wage countries. The project addresses the comprehensive application of self-optimizing principles on all levels of the value chain. This implies the integration of self-optimizing control loops on cell level, with those addressing the production planning and control as well as supply chain and quality management aspects. A specific focus is on the consideration of human decisions during the production process. To establish socio-technical control loops, it is necessary to understand how human decisions are made in diffuse working processes as well as how cognitive and affective abilities form the human factor within production processes.