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Smart Services als Enabler von Subscription-Geschäftsmodellen in der produzierenden Industrie
(2022)
[Der Sammelband] Widmet sich den in Wissenschaft und Praxis aktuell intensiv diskutierten Fragestellungen zu Smart Services. Befasst sich mit Geschäftsmodellen, Erlösmodellen und Kooperationsmodellen von Smart Services. Geht auf branchenspezifische Besonderheiten von Smart Services ein. (link.springer.com)
Subscription business models provide an important component for monetizing the potential of Industrie 4.0. Subscription business is based on a long-term and participative business relationship between customer and provider. However, only digitalization offers the necessary framework conditions to realize the characteristic recurring and performance-based billing, and to ensure the necessary transparency about the usage phase of products as well as continuous performance improvements in the customer process. Against this background, companies must not only recognize the much-cited potential that lies in the total dedication to the success of individual subscription customers. Rather, the central obstacles must be addressed, examined, and subsequently overcome in a targeted manner in order to successfully establish subscription business models and place them on the market.
This paper contributes to an assessment framework for valuing data as an asset. Particularly industrial manufacturers developing and delivering Smart Product Service Systems (Smart PSS) are comprehensively depended on the business value derived by processing data. However, there is a lack in a framework for capturing and comparing the Smart PSS data value with the purpose of increasing the accountability of data initiatives. Therefore a qualitative data value assessment approach was developed and specified on Smart PSS, based on an industrial case study research. [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-57997-5_39]
Manufacturing companies are constantly increasing their efforts in the subscription business, also known as product-as-a-service business, offering usage and outcome based solutions (value-in-use) instead of transactional services and products (value-in-exchange). Customers are becoming contractual subscribers of the solution in return for recurring, performance-related payments. To address arising, inevitable challenges like (1) reducing customer churn, (2) increasing usage intensity and outcome quality, (3) ensuring the adoption of product and software releases as well as (4) fostering customer loyalty, leading manufacturing companies are setting up a new organizational, customer-facing unit, called Customer Success Management (CSM). This unit has its origins in the software-as-a-service business, operating next to established entities like sales, key account management and customer service. Since there are currently no holistic models for an end-to-end description of CSM-tasks in the manufacturing industry, this paper contributes to a taskoriented reference model, using a grounded theory approach, examining both manufacturing and software companies. Containing a reference framework with 8 main tasks, 17 basic tasks and 76 elementary tasks, the reference model supports manufacturing companies in adapting and customizing a company-specific CSM concept.
Towards a Methodology to Determine Intersubjective Data Values in Industrial Business Activities
(2021)
This paper contributes to a valuation framework for valuing data as an intangible asset. Especially those industrial manufacturers developing and delivering holistic digital solutions are limited in calculating the true business value of data initiatives. Since the value of data is strongly dependent on the respective use case, a completely objective valuation is not possible. This complicates decision-making on the internal side regarding investments in digital transformation, and on the external side to communicate existing benefits to third parties via financial reporting. Therefore, the target is to design a valuation framework that allows industrial manufacturers to determine an intersubjective, i.e., traceable and transparent, data value. In order to develop a framework that can be applied in practice, the approach is based on industrial case study research.
Das Projekt LBM²-Load Based Monitoring and Maintenance erforschte die Einsatzfähigkeit einer kostengünstigen Lastsensorik zur Messung und Analyse von Restlebensdauerdaten für Großkomponenten an Windenergieanalgen (WEA). Da aktuell im Einsatz befindliche Condition-Monitoring-Systeme zur Überwachung von WEA oft teuer in der Anschaffung sind und lediglich vergangenheitsorientierte Informationen liefern, sobald ein kritischer Zustand bereits eingetreten ist, besteht der Bedarf insbesondere für KMU in der WEA-Branche für eine kostengünstige, proaktive Alternative. Hierzu wird im Projekt LBM² der Einsatz einer kostengünstigen, auf Dehnungsmessstreifen basierenden Messtechnologie erforscht, die über einen langen Zeitraum in einem Testwindpark betrieben wird. Die Erkenntnisse zu den Herausforderungen in der Spezifikation der Messtechnologie für den WEA-Typ sowie in der kontinuierlichen Datenerfassung und –auswertung adressieren ein aktuell hochrelevantes Themenfeld. Die Implikationen der Erkenntnisse gehen damit weit über die Branche der Windenergie hinaus. Mittels der gewonnenen Daten über die Lasten bzw. Restlebensdauern von Großkomponenten der WEA (z.B. Getriebe, Hauptwelle oder Hauptlager) wurden zudem deren Einsatzpotenziale für eine proaktivere, vorausschauende Instandhaltung von WEA untersucht. Die Instandhaltung ist der Hauptkostentreiber im Betrieb einer WEA und bietet demnach großes Potenzial für einen kosteneffizienteren Betrieb, der speziell für KMU in einem umkämpften Strommarkt mit wegfallenden EEG-Zulagen notwendig ist. Hierzu wurden im Projekt LBM² Instandhaltungsprozesse für WEA-Großkomponenten aufgenommen. Diese wurden in einer Simulationsumgebung hinsichtlich verschiedener, kosteneffizienter Instandhaltungsstrategien untersucht. Dazu wurde der Einfluss von Restlebensdauern auf spezifische Instandhaltungsstrategien abgebildet. Weiterhin wurden die Projektergebnisse in einen Softwaredemonstrator überführt, der den Anwendern und speziell KMU eine Möglichkeit an die Hand gibt, die Daten der kostengünstigen Lastsensorik in Zukunft übersichtlich visualisiert und mit relevanten Handlungsempfehlungen für eine optimierte Instandhaltung hinterlegt zu nutzen.
The additive manufacturing technique of "Selective Laser Melting" (SLM) provides the basis for a fundamental paradigm shift in industrial spare part manufacturing, affecting both technological and organizational company prac-tices. To harness the full potential of SLM-technology, considering agility and customizability, decentralized additive production networks need to be estab-lished. According to the principles just in time, just in place and just enough, a global online platform, which efficiently distributes construction orders to local manufacturing hubs could empower the market participants to utilize production capacities at optimal costs and minimal efforts. This work evaluates and selects key factors and creates scenarios for the development of platform-based networks for additive, SLM-based, spare part production. For this purpose, the selected key factors (e. g. material expenses, quality and process management and platform-based business models) are projected into the future, forming the three major scenarios "New distribution of roles in the SLM value chain", "SLM-technology for high wage countries" and "Individualization instead of mass production". These scenarios not only allow estimating the potential of an online network for additive spare part production, but also enable market participants to react pur-posively and agilely to unexpected market developments, and to foster the suc-cess of a platform-based additive spare part production.
Ein Subscription-Geschäftsmodell – das klingt nach maßgeblichen wirtschaftlichen Vorteilen. Daher stellt sich die Frage: Warum haben bisher noch nicht alle produzierenden Unternehmen diese Art der partizipativen Geschäftsmodelle aufgebaut?
Die Antwort: Der Aufbau und die Umsetzung von Subscription-Geschäftsmodellen gehen einher mit zentralen Herausforderungen, die Unternehmen im Zuge einer Geschäftsmodelltransformation bewältigen müssen. Hierbei hilft dieses Expert-Paper.
A subscription business model - that sounds like significant economic advantages. Therefore, the question arises: Why haven't all manufacturing companies established this type of participative business model yet?
The answer: The development and implementation of subscription business models go hand in hand with central challenges that companies have to overcome in the course of a business model transformation. This expert paper helps with this.
Today, however, agility is seen more than ever as a critical success factor for companies. In times of an increasing degree of digital interconnection and minimum viable products, a mentality is entering the industrial service sector that has so far only been exemplified by Internet companies (e.g. Google): New products and especially digital services are developed in highly iterative processes. To this end, customers are involved in early test phases of development and provide feedback on individual functional modules, which – in contrast to the previous approach – are only gradually assembled into a market-ready “100 percent version”. But especially with the development of new digital services, companies must ensure more than ever that both the existing analog service business and the design of new digital services are geared to effectiveness and efficiency in order to meet the growing demands of customers and competitors.
To achieve this, companies must not only be familiar with the products currently on the market, but also master the entire product history, which in some cases goes back more than 30 years and varies greatly from one industry to another.