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Flexible und adaptive Produktionssysteme stellen zukünftig einen wichtigen Ansatzpunkt für produzierende Unternehmen dar. Stellt man die kognitive Leistung, Kreativität, Lern- und Kommunikationsfähigkeit des qualifizierten Facharbeiters als Benutzer in den Vordergrund, so lassen sich innovative Produktionssysteme gestalten, die in der Lage sind, sich veränderlichen Randbedingungen schnell und wirksam anzupassen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde mit autonomen Produktionszellen ein solcher Ansatz behandelt, der sich exemplarisch auf zwei Fertigungstechnologien – die Fräserbearbeitung und das 3D-Schweißen mit Laserstrahlung – stützt.
Today’s manufacturers are facing numerous challenges such as highly entangled and interconnected supply chains, shortening product lifecycles and growing product complexity. They thus feel the need to adjust and adapt faster on all levels of value creation. Self-optimization as a basic principle appears a promising approach to handle complexity and unforeseen disturbances within supply chains, machines and processes. Therefore it will improve the resilience and competitiveness of manufacturing companies.
This paper gives an introduction to the concept of self-optimizing production systems. After a short historical review, the different levels of value creation from supply chain design and management to manufacturing and assembly are analyzed considering their specific demands and needs for self-optimization. Examples from each of these levels are used to illustrate the concept of self-optimization as well as to outline its potential for flexibility and productivity. This paper closes with an outlook on the current scientific work and promising new fields of action.
People with tremor find it often very difficult to use IT services and therefore attain very low levels of effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction, when doing so. The currently available user interfaces do not guarantee sufficient precision for information input. Individuals suffering from intention tremor show a significant worsening when moving towards a button, precisely because target-oriented movements produce shaking in the affected body parts. For this target group a new method regarding the information input has been developed and evaluated. This technique enables the persons concerned to input information on a touch screen by using a wiping movement. Variations caused by the tremor are compensated with a continuous movement rather than a single direct movement towards a target field. Moreover, the screen surface causes a significant friction that helps to damp tremor forces. The user input can be identified by the computer with high accuracy by means of special heuristics which also assist barrier free access among the target group.
Production in high-wage countries can be made more efficient, cost-effective, and flexible by solving the conflict between planning and value orientation. A promising approach is to focus on planning and decision-making processes (production planning and control, design of production processes and machinery, etc.) and to aim to maximize overall planning efficiency. Planning efficiency can be expressed as the ratio between the benefit generated by preparing detailed process instructions to produce the parts or components and the corresponding planning efforts. Industrial companies wanting to gain a competitive advantage in dynamic global markets have to identify a set of non-dominated solutions with the most favorable effort–benefit ratio rather than a single solution. The optimum between detailed planning and the immediate implementation of value-adding activities (process steps) in the process chain needs to be found dynamically for each product.
This research area focuses on the management systems and principles of a production system. It aims at controlling the complex interplay of heterogeneous processes in a highly dynamic environment, with special focus on individualized products in high-wage countries. The project addresses the comprehensive application of self-optimizing principles on all levels of the value chain. This implies the integration of self-optimizing control loops on cell level, with those addressing the production planning and control as well as supply chain and quality management aspects. A specific focus is on the consideration of human decisions during the production process. To establish socio-technical control loops, it is necessary to understand how human decisions are made in diffuse working processes as well as how cognitive and affective abilities form the human factor within production processes.