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Institute
High Resolution Supply Chain Management (HRSCM) aims to stop the trend of continuously increasing planning complexity. Today, companies in high-wage countries mostly strive for further optimization of their processes with sophisticated, capital-intensive planning approaches. The capability to adapt flexibly to dynamically changing conditions is limited by the inflexible and centralized planning logic. Thus, flexibility is reached currently by expensive inventory stocks and overcapacities in order to cope with rescheduling of supply or delivery. HRSCM describes the establishment of a complete information transparency in supply chains with the goal of assuring the availability of goods through decentralized, self-optimizing control loops for Production Planning and Control (PPC). HRSCM pursues the idea of enabling organization structures and processes to adapt to dynamic conditions. The approach includes the strengths of the existing planning models as well as the process of decision making in organizations. A precondition for this decentralized adaptation is the synchronization of the objectives of the several units or process owners. The basis for this new PPC Model are information transparency, stable processes, consistent customer orientation, increased capacity flexibility and the understanding of the production system as a viable, socio-technical system.
The efficient dealing with the dynamic environment of production industries is one of the most challenging tasks of Supply Chain Management in high-wage countries. Relevant and current information are still not used sufficiently, to handle the influence of the dynamic environment on intra- and inter-company order processing adequately. Among other things, the problem is caused by missing or delayed feedback of relevant data. As a consequence of that, planning results differ from the actual situation of production. High Resolution Supply Chain Management describes an approach aiming on high information transparency in supply chains in combination with decentralized, self-optimizing control loops for Production Planning and Control. The final objective is to enable manufacturing companies to produce efficiently and to be able to react to order-variations at any time, requiring process structures to be most flexible.
Industry 4.0 and Smart Maintenance represent a great opportunity to make manufacturing and maintenance more effective, safer, and reliable. However, they also represent massive change and corresponding challenges for industrial companies, as many different options and starting points have to be weighed and the individual right paths for achieving Smart Maintenance need to be identified. In our paper, we describe our approach to evaluating maintenance organizations in a case study for the oil and gas industry, developing a shared vision for the future, and deriving economical and effective measures. We will demonstrate our approach, by showcasing a specific example from the oil and gas industry, where a need for action on HSE-relevant critical flanges in the company's piping systems was identified. We describe the steps, that were taken to identify the need for action, the specifications of the project and the criticality analysis of the piping system. This resulted in the derivation of a digitalization measure for critical flanges, which was first commercially analyzed and then the flanges were equipped with a continuous monitoring solution. Finally, a conclusion is drawn on the performed procedure and the achieved improvements.
The digitalization of manufacturing processes is expected to lead to a growing interconnection of production sites, as well as machines, tools and work pieces. In the course of this development, new use-cases arise which have challenging requirements from a communication technology point of view. In this paper we propose a communication network architecture for Industry 4.0 applications, which combines new 5G and non-cellular wireless network technologies with existing (wired) fieldbus technologies on the shop floor. This architecture includes the possibility to use private and public mobile networks together with local networking technologies to achieve a flexible setup that addresses many different industrial use cases. It is embedded into the Industrial Internet Reference Architecture and the RAMI4.0 reference architecture. The paper shows how the advancements introduced around the new 5G mobile technology can fulfill a wide range of industry requirements and thus enable new Industry 4.0 applications. Since 5G standardization is still ongoing, the proposed architecture is in a first step mainly focusing on new advanced features in the core network, but will be developed further later.
The technical development of the 5G mobile communication technology has been successfully completed. Now, vendor companies struggle with the analysis of industrial application and sales strategies as well as the development of business cases for their customers. Since this challenge is faced by many technology providers with innovative technologies in the “trough of disillusionment”, FIR’s information technology management has developed a methodology to bridge the gap, based on the example of 5G. This paper presents a methodology for identifying applications and defining business cases to select the most profitable ones. We also validate the methodology in the 5Gang research project.
The aim of the related research project eCloud is to enable small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) to implement flexible energy management without in-depth energy knowledge and with little distraction from day-to-day business, which is prepared for current and future challenges in the field of energy use. The overall result is a validated prototype for a plug and automate capable (i.e. without implementation effort) operational energy management, which can be successively set up in SMEs based on a cloud platform. Through its gradual and modular implementation, energy management meets the individual needs of each company and contributes to energy system transformation and climate protection by reducing energy costs and greenhouse gas emissions by up to 25%. In total, three expansion stages are available with the levels of monitoring, load management and grid usage, which consist of various Software as a Service (SaaS) modules from the cloud that can be retrieved as required. Thus, the user only needs a minimal hardware intervention in his production and saves a complex IT infrastructure. The methodology developed has been successfully applied by two user companies so far. This proves the effectiveness of the method.
This paper addresses the challenge of a systematic requirement-oriented configuration and selection of cyber physical systems (CPS) for SMEs. As the key technologies of realizing the digitalization and interconnection of production processes, manufacturing companies have realized the potential benefits brought by CPS. However, due to the
complexity and fast development of CPS technology, it is difficult for SMEs, which lack expertise and financial resources, to select the appropriate CPS technologies meeting both functional and financial requirements. To overcome the issue, an online matching platform is developed to let SMEs express their needs and assist them onceptualize
the individual CPS. This paper presents the matching methodology of the matching platform, which can not only match technical characteristics but also evaluate economic potentials. Then, it was demonstrated by a tracking and tracing use case in the end-of-line assembly of a small-sized German electric automobile manufacturer.
Since 2016, the “Digital in NRW” Competence Centre has been supporting SMEs in the manufacturing industry in designing their individual digital transformation. With an Industry 4.0 maturity assessment, we define the status quo of SMEs, derive SME-specific measures from this, develop a digitalization roadmap and accompany the SME transformation. This paper presents the results of the four-year SME support. By analyzing the results of all maturity assessments, potential analysis and design workshops, we present the most frequent and most effective measures for a successful digital transformation of SMEs. The result of the paper is an action guideline for SMEs to initiate their own digital transformation based on formalized experience.
For most industries, Artificial Intelligence (AI) holds substantial potentials. In the last decades, the extent of data created worldwide is exponentially increasing, and this trend is likely to continue. However, despite the prospects, many companies are not yet using AI at all or not generating added value. Often, an AI project does not exceed its pilot phase and is not scaled up. The problems to create value from AI applications in companies are manifold, especially since AI itself is diverse and there is no ‘one size fits all’ approach. One often stated obstacle, why many AI projects fail, is a missing AI strategy. This leads to isolated solutions, which do not consider synergies, scalability and seldom result in added value for the company. To create a company-specific AI strategy with a top-down approach, a generic but holistic framework is needed. This paper proposes a strategic AI procedure model that enables companies to define a specific AI strategy for successfully implementing AI solutions. In addition, we demonstrate in this paper how we apply the introduced strategic AI procedure model on an AI-based flexible monitoring and regulation system for power distribution grid operators in the context of an ongoing research project.
Nowadays, cyber physical systems support the improvement of efficiency in intralogistics by controlling and manipulating the production and logistic environment autonomously. Due to the complexity of the individual production processes, designing suitable cyber-physical systems based on their existing production environment is a challenge for companies.
This paper presents a new methodology on how to design cyber-physical systems conceptually to suit an individual production environment. Compared to existing design approaches, this methodology matches immediately the required functions to existing information and communication technology’s components insisting on the neutral assimilation of requirements.
Therefore, the requirement specification asks for needed functions in relating to offered functions of information and communication technology (ICT) components. The paper focusses the use case of implementing a cutting-edge mobile network technology into an existing tracking and tracing process.
In recent years supply chain participants are increasingly suffering the effects of disturbances in transportation supply chains. Both, dynamics in consumer demands and global supply chains lead to a growth in unplanned supply chain events. These can cause from rather manageable disturbances through to complete break-downs of transportation chains, resulting in high follow-up and penalty costs.
Consequently, concepts for an efficient supply chain disturbance management are needed, preferably with a real-time identification and reaction to disturbance events. Therefore in the following paper the research results of the German research project Smart Logistic Grids with the focus on designing an integrated model for the real-time disturbance management in transportation supply networks are presented. This includes the introduction of elaborated classification models for disturbances and action patterns as well as an associated costs and performance measurement system. Finally, a procedure model for the disturbance management is presented.
In diesem Paper wird eine Architektur für Kommunikationsnetze für industrielle Anwendungen vorgestellt, die neue 5G-Technologien mit vorhandener Kommunikationstechnik auf der Feldbusebene kombiniert. Diese Architektur verbindet private und öffentliche Mobilfunknetze mit lokalen Funktechnologien, um einen flexiblen Aufbau zu ermöglichen, der in der Lage ist, viele industrielle Anwendungsfälle zu unterstützen. Es wird gezeigt, wie die Errungenschaften, die mit der neuen 5G-Technologie eingeführt werden, einen großen Bereich der industriellen Anforderungen erfüllen können. Weiterhin werden relevante Anwendungsfälle beschrieben und eine Gesamtsystemarchitektur vorgeschlagen, welche nicht nur die technischen, sondern auch die funktionalen Anforderungen, welche von den spezifischen Anwendungen heutiger und zukünftiger Herstellungsprozesse gestellt werden, erfüllen kann.
Progress in the development of small electric and hybrid aircraft promises business opportunities for thin-haul air mobility services. In order to develop demand-oriented flight plan scenarios for Germany, this paper presents a model to estimate the marked volume of thin-haul air mobility. To quantify the potential demand, our model includes the steps of trip generation, trip distribution and mode choice. Trip generation and distribution takes place between 412 geographic subdivisions of Germany and is based on calibrated traffic forecast data for the year 2030. For the first time the five relevant modes of transport, namely: car, intercity train, intercity bus, commercial aircraft and thin-haul air mobility services, have been included in one model. The step of choosing the transport mode is implemented via a generalized cost approach, taking into account travel costs and travel time. Additionally, route modeling of all transport modes is enhanced by real market data using large-scale data readouts of web interfaces. As primary result we predict a market share of 6 % or 81 million trips per year for thin-haul air mobility services. The demand concentrates on a small number of airports: 30 % of the trips are estimated to be between only 20 airports. Hubs and main routes are identified to offer the potential for scheduled air services.
Auf Basis einer systematischen Literaturanalyse wurden insgesamt 11 Kennzahlen identifiziert, welche die Grundlage zur Beschreibung der operativen Leistungsfähigkeit von Unternehmen bilden. Die Kennzahlen wurden in die vier Leistungsdimensionen Effizienz, Qualität, Zeit und Flexibilität eingeteilt.
Es geht um die Entwicklung eines Software-Tools zur Unterstützung bei der Auswahl von geeigneten 3D-Druckdienstleistern im Kontext der additiven Ersatzteillogistik. Im Fokus steht der Logistikdienstleister als potentieller Nutzer des Softwaretools. Das Softwaretool erfüllt zwei zentrale Funktionen: Überprüfung ob ein Ersatzteil additiv gefertigt werden soll und Auswahl eines konkreten Produzenten durch Matchingalgorithmus.
The industrial food production is currently caught between the increas-ing demands of numerous stakeholders, economic profitability and the challenges of digitization. A solution to face these various challenges can be seen in the aggregation of data into higher-value, independent data products that can be of-fered and sold on a buyer's market. Large amounts of heterogeneous data are already available in the value chain of the industrial food production, e.g. throughout the data-driven harvesting of primary products, further processing by interconnected production facilities and the information-intensive product distri-bution to end consumers. However, the data is usually only evaluated and used locally for the optimization of internal processes or, at the most, within compre-hensive partnerships. The purpose of this paper is to identify new revenue oppor-tunities for current and future players in the industrial food production by using data as an independent economic good (data products). For this purpose, scenar-ios for the development and use of data products via Industrial Internet of Things platforms are developed for a food technical reference process, the industrial chocolate production and its value chain. On this basis, examples for different types of data products and their value propositions are derived. The results can not only serve food producers and relevant stakeholders but all industrial produc-ers as an input for the future, yield-increasing orientation of their business models.
Influenced by the high dynamic of the markets and the steadily increasing demand for short delivery times the importance of supply chain optimization is growing. In particular, the order process plays a central role in achieving short delivery times and constantly needs to evaluate the trade-off between high inventory and the risk of stock-outs. However, analyzing different order strategies and the influence of various production parameters is difficult to achieve in industrial practice. Therefore, simulations of supply chains are used in order to improve processes in the whole value chain. The objective of this research is to evaluate two different order strategies (t, q, t, S) in a four-stage supply chain. In order to measure the performance of the supply chain the quantity of the backlog will be considered. A Design of Experiments approach is supposed to enhance the significance of the simulation results.
Smart Service Engineering
(2019)
In our digitalized economy, many traditional service engineering models lack flexibility, efficiency and adaptability. As today’s market differs significantly from the market of the late 20th century, service engineering models must meet different requirements today than they had to meet in the past. The present paper starts off by providing an overview of the requirements that modern service engineering models need to fulfill in order to succeed in today’s economic environment. Afterwards, three promising models that meet several of these requirements will be introduced.
Supply Chain Management delivers a considerable amount of ideas and methods to design the value stream. Each of these concepts may lead to significant cost reduction and higher service levels. But the same concept does not work for different customers and their diverse needs. Thus, a “one size fits it all” supply chain cannot lead to success. The key to overcome this obstacle is the hybrid supply chain. This paper outlines the application of hybrid system theory to supply chains. After a comprehensive overview of existing methods for the design of supply chains is given, a methodology for a customer-to-customer oriented supply chain design is presented. This approach adopts the hybrid system theory to supply chains which is in a nutshell that hybrid systems use the advantages of its subsystems to reach a superior result to one system alone. Concluding a case study illustrates the application of the methodology.