FIR e. V. an der RWTH Aachen
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Electricity generated by wind turbines (WT) is a mainstay of the transition to renewable energy. In order to economically utilize WT is, operating and maintenance costs, which account for 25% of total electricity generation costs in onshore WT’s, are a focus of cost reduction activities. Implementing a data-driven prescriptive maintenance approach is one way to achieve this. So far, various approaches for prescriptive maintenance for onshore WT’s have been suggested.
However, little research has addressed the practical implementation considering sociotechnical aspects. The aim of this paper is therefore to identify success factors for the successful implementation of such a maintenance strategy with clear and holistic guidance on how existing knowledge on prescriptive maintenance from science can be transferred to business practice. These recommendations are developed through case study research and classified in the four structural areas of Acatech’s Industry 4.0 Maturity Index: Resources, Information Systems, Organizational Structure and Culture.
Companies are transforming from transactional sales to providing solutions for their customers. Mostly, smart products, enabling companies to enhance their products by providing smart services to their customers, are a key building block in this transformation. However, the development of a smart product requires many digital skills and knowledge, which regular companies do not have. To facilitate the design and conceptualization of smart products, this paper presents a use-case-based information systems architecture prototype for smart products. Furthermore, the paper features the application and evaluation of the architecture on two different smart product projects. The use of such an architecture as a reference in smart product development serves as a huge advantage and accelerator for inexperienced companies, allowing faster entry into this new field of business. [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-14844-6_16]
Industry 4.0 is driven by Cyber-Physical Systems and Smart Products. Smart Products provide a value to both its users and its manufacturers in terms of a closer connection to the customer and his data as well as the provided smart services. However, many companies, especially SMEs, struggle with the transformation of their existing product portfolio into smart products. In order to facilitate this process, this paper presents a set of smart product use-cases from a manufacturer’s perspective. These use-cases can guide the definition of a smart product and be used during its architecture development and realization. Initially the paper gives an introduction in the field of smart products. After that the research results, based on case-study research, are presented. This includes the methodological approach, the case-study data collection and analysis. Finally, a set of use-cases, their definitions and components are presented and highlighted from the perspective of a smart product manufacturer.
Electronic appliance manufacturers are facing the challenge of frequent product orders. Based on each product order, the assembly process and workstations need to be planned. An essential part of the assembly planning is defining the assembly sequence, considering the mechanical product’s design, and handling of the product’s components. The assembly sequence determines the order of processes for each workstation, the overall layout, and thereby time and cost. Currently, the assembly sequence is decided by industrial engineers through a manual approach that is time-consuming, complex, and requires technical expertise. To reduce the industrial engineers’ manual effort, a Computer-Aided Assembly Sequence Planning (CAASP) system is proposed in this paper. It compromises the components for a comprehensive system that aims to be applied practically. The system uses Computer-Aided Design (CAD) files to derive Liaison and Interference Matrices that represent a mathematical relationship between parts. Subsequently, an adapted Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm generates an optimized assembly sequence based on these relationships. Through a web browser-based application, the user can upload files and interact with the system. The system is conceptualized and validated using the CAD file of an electric motor example product. The results are discussed, and future work is outlined.
Manufacturing companies (MFRs) are increasingly extending their
portfolios with services and data-driven services (DDS) to differentiate themselves from competitors, tap new revenue potential, and gain competitive advantages through digitization and the subsequently generated data. Nonetheless, DDS fail more often than traditional industrial services and products within the first year on the market. Particularly, companies are failing to sell DDS successfully and efficiently with their existing (multi-level) distribution structures. Surprisingly, there is a lack of scientific research addressing this issue. Since there are currently no holistic models for an end-to-end description of distribution-tasks for DDS in the manufacturing industry, this paper contributes to a task-oriented reference model for mapping interactions in the multi-level distribution management. Therefore, a case study research approach is used, to identify and describe the interactions in the multi-level distribution management of DDS, as well as to develop a regulatory framework for MFRs and their multi-level distribution management. This research uses the established theoretical framework of Service-Dominant-Logic to address the co-creation in multi-level distribution management of DDS. As a result, this paper identifies different interaction variants as well as the need for a new management function with 4 main and 14 basic tasks.
This paper aimed to assist project portfolio management in driving strategic business transformation with an efficient PPM implementation because progress in business practice is slow. Motivated by the problem, the thesis, therefore, set itself the goal of developing a data model as the basis for an information system for project portfolio management.
For this, the following conception was pursued: In the first chapter, the problem defini-tion, the motivation, and the structure of the work were presented to the reader. From this introductory chapter, it became clear that the rising competition pressure forces the producing enterprises to strategic reorientations and requires speed and flexibility. Although companies are aware of this, they are confronted with challenges to achiev-ing their strategic goals. Project portfolio management can be of decisive help in this respect, supporting selecting the suitable projects to achieve critical strategic goals.
The second chapter introduced the basics of business transformation and project port-folio management. In addition, an introduction to data management and the pharma-ceutical industry was given. The literature has shown that there is no uniform definition for the term business transformation and that it has gained in importance over time. In addition, the essential terms, which are also frequently mentioned in connection with the change, are distinguished from one another. Further, the project portfolio manage-ment was differentiated from the program and project management. This was followed by an introduction to the pharmaceutical industry and its challenges to illustrate the relevance of the topic addressed in this thesis.
In the third chapter, existing business transformation and project portfolio management were examined about their use as a basis for the data model to be developed. For this purpose, the methodology for executing a systematic literature analysis according to VOM BROCKE ET AL. was described in the first step and adapted to the research objective of this thesis. The literature review confirms the hypothesis that PPM is an essential tool for business transformation. However, existing PPM concepts only focus on the processes but not on the information management for the uniform design of the PPM and the creation of transparency. This resulted in the need for a data model as the basis for an information system for project portfolio management to increase the efficiency and clarity of the processes.
From the resulting need for action, the procedure for developing the data model was presented in chapter 4. For this, first, the bases of the model theory and the unique characteristics of the Web application were compiled since the data model serves as a basis for implementing an information system. Subsequently, the procedures for de-veloping such a data model in software management were presented, and the method selected in the context of this work was derived. In the present work, the data model to one at the SCRUM methodology leaned proceeding was developed and imple-mented since the characteristics of the current work correspond to the agile proceed-ing.
In chapter 5, the data model was detailed. For this purpose, the requirements analysis was carried out first. In this thesis, functional requirements were determined by the end-users using the brainstorming methodology. Non-functional requirements are based on a previously conducted systematic literature analysis. The developed data model for project portfolio management is a template for an information system. Mod-eling was done at the presentation level, including the content and navigation levels. To explain the navigation structure in more detail. The relevant pages of the information system were modeled individually. Each page (User Interface View) consists of at least two blocks (Presentation Classes). The presentation class PPM Menu is part of each page to ensure navigability and clarity of the information system. The second presen-tation class is individual and reflects the content and structure of each page.
The data model was then implemented in chapter 6 using the example of Bayer AG in product supply. For this purpose, the company and its challenges were first introduced. Microsoft SharePoint was used for the implementation, as this is a standard tool for creating information systems and databases within the company. Since it was an agile approach, the plan was also tested in parallel with the implementation. The testing procedure was described. Finally, the results are presented in more detail. During the performance, it was recognized that Bayer AG still lacks uniform process steps in the PPM in some places and that these would have to be subsequently developed, deter-mined, and incorporated.
Finally, in Chapter 7, the validation and critical reflection of the data model and infor-mation system were carried out. For this purpose, a short introduction to the basics of the questionnaire methodology was given, after which the questionnaire for the survey was designed. This was completed by end-users of the system (sample size n = 140) and then evaluated and interpreted. The validation showed that the previously deter-mined requirements were fully or partially met. The non-functional requirements were eval as fully completed. In addition, the underlying data model was assessed as suita-ble for use in other companies in the pharmaceutical industry. The end users have also affirmed the relevance of the system. It helps to get an overview of the company’s topic and pick up and coordinate the teams and employees of all areas.
In contrast, the functional requirements were partially met. This is because not all in-formation was available within Product Supply at the implementation time. The intro-duction of a standardized PPM was still in the roll-out phase, so specific processes had not yet been uniformly defined. These should be incorporated over time.