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Supply chains form the backbone of modern economies and therefore require reliable information flows. In practice, however, supply chains face severe technical challenges, especially regarding security and privacy. In this work, we consolidate studies from supply chain management, information systems, and computer science from 2010–2021 in an interdisciplinary meta-survey to make this topic holistically accessible to interdisciplinary research. In particular, we identify a significant potential for computer scientists to remedy technical challenges and improve the robustness of information flows. We subsequently present a concise information flow-focused taxonomy for supply chains before discussing future research directions to provide possible entry points.
Nachhaltige Lieferketten
(2021)
Das Thema der Nachhaltigkeit ist nicht zuletzt aufgrund aktueller Entwicklungen zunehmend in den gesellschaftlichen und unternehmerischen Fokus gelangt. Pandemien, Naturkatastrophen, aber auch regulatorische Auflagen zur Erfüllung von Klimaschutzzielen haben zu einem Umdenken geführt. Im Rahmen des Thementags „Sustainable Supply-Chain-Management“ hat das FIR an der RWTH Aachen zusammen mit Expert:innen aus Wirtschaft und Forschung Thesen erarbeitet, die widerspiegeln, wie das Thema Nachhaltigkeit aktuell in deutschen Unternehmen wahrgenommen und umgesetzt wird und welche besondere Bedeutung dem Supply-Chain-Management dabei zukommt. Nachhfolgend werden diese und deren Implikationen für die Praxis vorgestellt.
Mehr als nur ein Hype
(2021)
Blockchain-Lösungen sind bisher vor allem im Finanzbereich bekannt und erfolgreich. Doch ihre unbestreitbaren Vorteile bieten weit darüber hinaus Potenzial und machen sie auch für industrielle Anwendungen interessant. Vor allem Lieferketten mit ihren komplexen Strukturen, vielen Beteiligten sowie verschiedensten Material-, Informations- und Finanzströmen lassen sich mit der Technologie erheblich effizienter gestalten.
Schwerwiegende Gesundheits- und Wirtschaftskrisen wie die Weltfinanzkrise (ab 2007) oder die Covid-19-Pandemie im Jahr 2020 haben aufgezeigt, in welch turbulentem Umfeld sich die globalisierte Welt heutzutage befindet und wie schnell gewohnte Abläufe in Wertschöpfungsketten unterbrochen und angepasst werden müssen. Die alltäglichen Anforderungen in dem sich immer schneller wandelnden digitalen Zeitalter wachsen stetig und sind komplexer denn je.
Unternehmen sind angehalten, immer kurzzyklischer auf sich ändernde
Bedingungen und Störungen zu reagieren und strategische Entscheidüngen
zur Gestaltung von Wertschöpfungsketten zu treffen. Nur mithilfe
einer umfassenden Datengrundlage und -kommunikation kann die strategische Planung der Supply-Chain effektiv erfolgen und somit die benötigte Robustheit und Agilität ermöglicht werden.
Die Globalisierung und der steigende Wettbewerbsdruck erfordern, dass Supply Chains heutzutage komplexe Anforderungen erfüllen. Dabei müssen sie gleichzeitig flexibel genug sein, um an kurzfristige Veränderungen angepasst werden zu können. Ein unternehmensübergreifender Datenaustausch ermöglicht den Akteuren durch schnelle Informationsweitergabe über auftretende Ereignisse entlang der Supply Chain, dynamisch auf aktuelle Gegebenheiten zu reagieren und dadurch hervorgerufene mögliche Schäden zu minimieren. Auch wenn viele Unternehmen mit der Bereitstellung von Daten noch zurückhaltend sind, gehen die Vorteile des Datenaustauschs weit über die Verkürzung der Reaktionszeit hinaus.
In recent years, the complexity of the management of supply chains has increased significantly due to the growing individualization of products and dynamics of the market environment. To remain competitive, ensuring efficient and flexible processes and procedures along the entire supply chain are of particular importance for companies. Especially in the inter-company context, decisions must be made as quickly and correctly as possible. To enable good decision-making processes data must be processed and provided in a targeted manner. Currently, however, the necessary transparency is often lacking within the supply chains. In this article, a software-based assistance system for decision support on supply chain level is presented that aims to increase the transparency and efficiency of the decision-making process. A concept for decision support on supply chain level is presented. This paper focuses on the conceptual linkage of relevant decisions and data. Therefore, indicators are identified and linked with the relevant decisions. Moreover, a suitable way of visualizing the identified indicators for each decision in a user-friendly manner is defined. These results are then used to implement the software tool.
This research area focuses on the management systems and principles of a production system. It aims at controlling the complex interplay of heterogeneous processes in a highly dynamic environment, with special focus on individualized products in high-wage countries. The project addresses the comprehensive application of self-optimizing principles on all levels of the value chain. This implies the integration of self-optimizing control loops on cell level, with those addressing the production planning and control as well as supply chain and quality management aspects. A specific focus is on the consideration of human decisions during the production process. To establish socio-technical control loops, it is necessary to understand how human decisions are made in diffuse working processes as well as how cognitive and affective abilities form the human factor within production processes.
In recent years supply chain participants are increasingly suffering the effects of disturbances in transportation supply chains. Both, dynamics in consumer demands and global supply chains lead to a growth in unplanned supply chain events. These can cause from rather manageable disturbances through to complete break-downs of transportation chains, resulting in high follow-up and penalty costs.
Consequently, concepts for an efficient supply chain disturbance management are needed, preferably with a real-time identification and reaction to disturbance events. Therefore in the following paper the research results of the German research project Smart Logistic Grids with the focus on designing an integrated model for the real-time disturbance management in transportation supply networks are presented. This includes the introduction of elaborated classification models for disturbances and action patterns as well as an associated costs and performance measurement system. Finally, a procedure model for the disturbance management is presented.
The efficient dealing with the dynamic environment of production industries is one of the most challenging tasks of Supply Chain Management in high-wage countries. Relevant and current information are still not used sufficiently, to handle the influence of the dynamic environment on intra- and inter-company order processing adequately. Among other things, the problem is caused by missing or delayed feedback of relevant data. As a consequence of that, planning results differ from the actual situation of production. High Resolution Supply Chain Management describes an approach aiming on high information transparency in supply chains in combination with decentralized, self-optimizing control loops for Production Planning and Control. The final objective is to enable manufacturing companies to produce efficiently and to be able to react to order-variations at any time, requiring process structures to be most flexible.
Supply Chain Management delivers a considerable amount of ideas and methods to design the value stream. Each of these concepts may lead to significant cost reduction and higher service levels. But the same concept does not work for different customers and their diverse needs. Thus, a “one size fits it all” supply chain cannot lead to success. The key to overcome this obstacle is the hybrid supply chain. This paper outlines the application of hybrid system theory to supply chains. After a comprehensive overview of existing methods for the design of supply chains is given, a methodology for a customer-to-customer oriented supply chain design is presented. This approach adopts the hybrid system theory to supply chains which is in a nutshell that hybrid systems use the advantages of its subsystems to reach a superior result to one system alone. Concluding a case study illustrates the application of the methodology.