FIR e. V. an der RWTH Aachen
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New challenges for companies appear as supply chain networks become more complex with increasing cost pressure, customer expectations and market volatility. Nowadays, logistics is an important competitive advantage, where fast and accurate decision-making is required. At the same time, companies often rely on performance measurement systems and key performance indicators (KPI) to improve their strategy and operations continuously.
Supply chain decisions are often interconnected as one decision can affect several others in the network. Besides, it is difficult to choose the right KPI to monitor the decision outcome. Moreover, current research about KPI relationships often relies on subjective evaluation. Currently there is no established scientific approach to analyze the interdependencies between decisions. Without understanding the interactions between decisions, the influencing factors will remain unclear and subsequently ignored, which leads to a decision process that lacks transparency.
Therefore, this thesis aims to analyze the interactions between strategic, tactical and operative decisions in the context of sourcing to provide transparency for decision-making.
This research proposes a generic approach that combines the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and network science to identify the driving factors of decisions systematically. Driving factors of decisions and suitable KPIs will be indicated through a constructed network analysis. A literature analysis is conducted to identify appropriate KPIs and decision factors for sourcing decisions. A generic cause-and-effect network is built by breaking down KPIs hierarchically. Moreover, by visualizing the relationships between decisions and decision factors, a transparent and informative network will be presented. The results will be integrated into a tool that enables the analysis of interdependencies of decisions based on network algorithms.
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Typisierung von Machine-Learning-Anwendungsfällen in der Intralogistik untersucht, einem Sektor, der durch die digitale Transformation und die Einführung von Industrie 4.0-Technologien geprägt ist. Ziel ist es, ein Rahmenwerk zur systematischen Identifikation und Kategorisierung von Machine-Learning-Anwendungen zu entwickeln, um deren Effizienz und Wirksamkeit in logistischen Prozessen zu optimieren. Basierend auf einer umfangreichen Literaturrecherche und einer Reihe von Fallstudien werden spezifische Einsatzmöglichkeiten des maschinellen Lernens analysiert und klassifiziert. Die Ergebnisse bieten sowohl theoretische Einblicke in die systematische Anwendung digitaler Technologien in der Logistik als auch praktische Empfehlungen für deren Implementierung zur Steigerung der operationellen Effektivität in der Intralogistik. Diese Forschung leistet einen Beitrag zum Verständnis der Rolle des maschinellen Lernens in der digitalisierten Logistik und unterstreicht die Bedeutung einer strukturierten Herangehensweise für die erfolgreiche Adoption dieser Technologien in logistischen Abläufen.
Industry 4.0 and smart factories have brought significant advancements in manufacturing processes, particularly in intralogistics. A key factor which forms the basis for creating smart intralogistics systems is data. However, there exist several data-related issues that hamper the efficiency of the intralogistics process such as data unavailability, poor data quality, inconsistent data, or underutilization of available data. The challenge is to identify, categorize, evaluate, and solve these issues. Overcoming this will help organizations understand the most impactful challenges.
By analysing real-world scenarios and interviewing industry experts, the problems present within the intralogistics process that are caused by the previously mentioned data-related factors are identified. The identified issues are clustered, and the clusters are characterized. A literature review explores the existing solutions or approaches to overcome these limitations. Subsequently finding out if the identified problems can be solved with current technologies and approaches or further research and development is needed. Next, a framework is developed which will act as a guide on the classification, evaluation and prioritization of the identified challenges. In the final part, the framework is validated on an industry specific use case and its limitations and future scope are discussed.
This master thesis emphasizes the significance of data in intralogistics processes by identifying and addressing data-related issues. The outcome on one hand is state-of-the-art solutions for the identified problems and on the other hand is a framework which will support businesses in determining how to tackle data-related issues to gain most benefit with respect to efficiency, productivity, flexibility and quality.
The advancements in Industry 4.0 technologies have provided unprecedented opportunities for optimizing material transportation through various use cases that are possible through rapid technological advance. An important driver for the use cases is data. However, the lack of understanding, which
specific data, from which sources and in what frequency, slows down the implementation of use cases or even reduces their potential benefits. Companies lack the ability to prepare themselves correctly for a use case integration, especially from the data perspective (e.g. data availability, quality, integration).
Therefore, the goal of this thesis is to create a framework for evaluation of Industry 4.0 use cases in the materials' transportation with regard to needed data. The scientific approach employed in this research involves research and analysis of existing frameworks for description or assessment of use cases in different fields and industries. Following, specific use cases related to material transportation in the context of Industry 4.0 will be identified in order to find similarities in the structure and requirements
regarding needed data, and thus identifying common characteristics and key parameters. These parameters will then serve as the foundation for developing a framework that enables companies to systematically analyse and assess potential use cases for material transportation, considering the data requirements and its integration challenges.
The expected result of this thesis is the development of a practical framework that empowers organizations to evaluate and implement Industry 4.0 use cases for material transportation effectively. By providing a structured methodology, this framework will facilitate decision-making processes and support companies in identifying the most suitable use cases based on their specific requirements and
data availability.
The global automotive industry is undergoing a major shift from the combustion engines to a wide variety of propulsion technologies. It is further pooled with Industry 4.0, which has lead to a large volatility in technolgical innovations and ambiguity in the product life cycles.
This uncertainty has lead to a rapidly changing demands for the existing products and services. It is causing difficulty in planning yearly demand quantities with suppliers. In many cases, tier-1 suppliers are unable to actually purchase the quantities for which they reserve a particular capacity of its sub-suppliers during annual sourcing agreements. Companies need to improve their flexibility to adapt to such unpredictable market situations by preparing for quantity or product changes.
Before setting a target for a desired flexibility level, the exisiting situation should be assessed. Therefore, this thesis aims to develop a method to assess the flexibility of suppliers in terms of product mix, volume deviations and delivery compliance. A quantification model is derived, which will be applicable for a wide range of suppliers. The model will enable the comparison of different suppliers during new sourcing decisions, as well as the identifcation of the exisiting suppliers that have room for improvement.
Various factors that affect supplier flexibility are identified through literarure research and personal interviews with different employees having supplier specific roles within Rober Bosch GmbH. These factors are analysed through a ‘WHAT-WHY-HOW’ analysis and only those factors are considered which can be coherently quantified. Based on their significance in the overall flexibility, these focus factors are given particular weightages and then quantified for each suppliers using the available data. The resultant of the scored factors will yield a number that indicates the flexibility index for a corresponding supplier. The developed model will be tested using Robert Bosch GmbH as an example.
Um langfristig in einem Umfeld zunehmenden Wettbewerbs durch internationale Anbieter erfolgreich zu sein, müssen Unternehmen verstärkt regionale Märkte erschließen. Analog zur Automobilindustrie werden wichtige Wachstumsmärkte zunehmend durch Handelshemmnisse abgeschottet, so dass die Markterschließung durch Exporte vollständig montierter Erzeugnisse häufig ausscheidet. Um dennoch die Handelshemmnisse zu umgehen, hat sich in der Automobilindustrie die Completely Knocked Down (CKD)-Strategie durchgesetzt, bei der Erzeugnisse teilzerlegt in die Märkte exportiert und dort lokal endmontiert werden. Eine grundsätzliche Herausforderung liegt in der situationsgerechten Gestaltung der CKD-Supply Chain. Dazu ist in der Arbeit ein Teil einer simulationsbasierte Gestaltungsunterstützung mit dem Schwerpunkt auf 2D und 3D Simulation erarbeitet worden.
The Aim of this article is to provide a framework which enhances the existing scope of manufacturing asset management by specifically addressing industrial services provided by external suppliers as an integral part of today’s manufacturing structures. Existing research shows that sourcing industrial services from specialized service organizations establishes complex and unique interdependencies and links total production efficiency to the performance of the external service suppliers. Within the context of the EU-Project InCoCo-S - “Innovation, Coordination and Collaboration in Service Driven Manufacturing Supply Chains” a standard business reference model with key focus on operation and integration of business related services (BRS) in the supply chain has been developed. Based on the service type retrofit this paper aims on the one hand to present the modules of the reference model and on the other hand to explain how the model can be used to enhance the retrofit business.
In most European countries a structural change from a production dominated towards a service oriented society is progressing. Companies increasingly consider services as means to gain competitive advantages in a global competition. In order to provide holistic, value-adding solutions while simultaneously guaranteeing high quality standards, production companies increasingly join forces with external services‘ providers. Models, methods and tools for service development are rare and in most cases immature. In the context of virtual services‘ development this leads to a dual set of simultaneous chal-lenges: an alignment of systematic services‘ and product development and the coordination of distributed R&D partners. The objective is to provide a meta-process that identifies all steps and decision points necessary to successfully develop innovative services. It is a result of combined service development and virtual enterprises‘/ networks‘ research.
Industrial Service Providers (ISP) are exposed to constantly raising competitive pressures regarding both cost and performance aspects. The massive challenges caused by the current worldwide financial and economic crisis even intensified the need for process optimizations aimed at increasing the productivity of service production. To reach this goal the evaluation and elimination of waste in their production processes becomes a crucial ability for ISPs. This paper proposes a new approach for increasing productivity in service production processes using a generic measurement model for the detection and evaluation of waste. The model is based on established lean management principles, but tailored to the specifics of ISPs by adopting a customers’ perspective to track down and eliminate waste. The evaluation builds on an in-depth-analysis of particular types of waste in the industrial service production processes. Viewed from the customers’ perspective and taking into account the specific characteristics of services (e.g. intangibility, heterogeneity, inseparability, and perishability) and service production (e.g. volatile demand, a tendency to over-capacity, and limits to planning) the approach employs a service blueprint reference model to then determine the different types of waste in the various parts of the service production process.